M 


UNC 


HEALTH  SCIENCES  LIBRARY 


The  Sheldon  Peck  Collection 
on  the  History  of  Orthodontics 
and  Dental  Medicine 

Gift  of 


Sheldon  Peck,  DDS  1966 

and 

Leena  Peck,  DMD 


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KNAPP  SYSTEM 


OF 

TEETH  REGULATION 

WITH 

ARCH  BAR  EXEMPLIFICATIONS 


BY 

MILAND  A.  KNAPP,  D.  D.  S. 

MINNEAPOLIS,  MINN.,  U.  S.  A. 


THE  S.  S.  WHITE  DENTAL  MFG.  CO. 

SOLE  AGENT 

CHESTNUT  St.,  Cor.  Twelfth.  PHILADELPHIA. 


BRANCHES 


NEW  YORK : 

BOSTON : 
CHICAGO; 
BROOKLYN : 
ATLANTA : 
ROCHESTER: 
NEW  ORLEANS : 


S  5,7  AND  9  Union  Square,  West 
(  Windsor  Arcade,  5th  Ave.  and  47th  St. 

120  BOYLSTON  Street. 

Randolph  Street.  Cor.  Wabash  Avenue. 
356  AND  358  Fulton  Street. 

Prudential  Building. 

507-515  Chamber  of  Commerce. 

810-815  HIBERNIA  Building. 

Cor.  Carondelet  and  Gravier  Streets. 


BERLIN  (Ger.)  :  -  -  Lindenstrasse  37 

BUENOS  AIRES,  (R.  A.):  CALLE  VICTORIA  750. 

TORONTO.  (Canada):  -  HO  and  112  Victoria  Street. 


Dr.  Bernhard  W.  WoIn6ora>i 

119  West  67th  St.,  New  York 


Copyright  1904,  by  Miland  A.  Knapp, 


Copyright  1907,  by  Miland  A.  Knapp. 


ARCH  BAR  APPLIANCES. 


The  arch  bar  No.  35  is  one  of  the  most  used  parts  of  these 
appliances.  It  is  a  bar  5^2  inches  long  and  threaded  its  entire 
length.  The  threads  on  this  arch  bar  are  not  cut  in  a  die  plate 
as  in  common  practice,  but  are  cut  with  special  machinery  to 
make  the  bar  smooth  after  being  threaded,  so  that  it  will  not 
irritate  the  soft  tissues  of  the  mouth  any  more  than  a  smooth 
bar  would.  This  is  an  important  consideration  not  found  in 
any  other  arch  bar.  The  bar  and  threads  are  of  the  same  di¬ 
ameter  and  pitch  as  all  the  right  hand  threaded  parts  of  the 
appliances  and  all  the  different  forms  of  nuts  will  operate  on  it 
except  No.  24,  No.  38  and  No.  54,  which  are  used  on  the  studs 
of  the  studded  bands  only.  The  arch  bar  is  of  sufficient  length 
to  encircle  the  largest  arch  and  will  generally  make  two  bars 
of  ordinary  length  when  used  on  the  lingual  side  of  the  arch. 

Greatly  enlarged  illustrations  of  the  parts  most  commonly 
used  in  making  up  the  arch  bar  appliances  are  shown  on  page 
2.  Fig.  1  is  the  arch  bar  and  Fig  2  the  double  socket  clutch 
tube  bands  used  in  anchoring  the  arch  bar  to  the  molars.  These 
bands  are  made  in  four  lengths  so  as  to  fit  any  size  molar  and 
the  size  wanted  to  fit  a  tooth  can  be  easily  determined  by 
measuring  the  tooth  with  a  fire  wire  and  comparing  length  of 
the  wire  with  the  lengths  of  the  measures  Nos.  49,  50,  51  and 
52,  also  shown  in  Fig.  2. 

When  the  length  of  the  tooth  measure  is  between  two 
lengths  of  band  measures,  always  select  the  shorter  length,  that 

You  can  have  appliances  fitted  to  models  so  that  they  will  be  ready 
to  take  off  from  the  model  and  place  in  the  mouth.  No  soldering  re- 
(|uired.  See  page  24. 


2 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


is,  if  the  tooth  measure  should  be  between  50  and  51,  select  the 
No.  50  band. 

In  Fig.  10  will  be  found  measures  for  the  four  styles  of 
bands  shown  in  Figs.  6  to  9,  and  the  style  of  band  wanted  can 
be  told  by  referring  to  the  illustration  accompanying  the  band 
measures.  In  ordering  it  is  only  necessary  to  give  the  number 
of  the  band,  as  this  will  indicate  the  length  and  style  desired. 
For  instance,  a  No.  3  band  is  the  same  length  as  No.  73,  but  a 
No.  3  band  is  a  studded  button  band,  and  a  No.  73  is  a  button 
band  without  a  stud. 


Fig.  1. 


■49 

■50 


“Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  2({, 


Fig.  3. 

Lock  Natf  No»  23 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


Fig.  5. 

Bar  End  Cap,  No,  34 


3 


Fig.  4. 

Clutch  Nut,  No,  22 


Fig.  6.  Fig.  7. 

Studded  Button  Single  Socket  Button 
Band  Band 


Fig.  8. 

Button  Band 
Without  Stud 


Fig.  9. 


Ligature  Band 


Fig.  10. 

^and  Measures  for  Studded  Button  Bands* 


^and  Measures  for  Single  Socket  Button  Bands 


^and  Measures  for  Button  Bands  Without  Studs 


^and  Measures  for  Ligature  Bands 


All  busy  operators  can  handle  their  own  resrnlating:  eases  and  real¬ 
ize  more  per  hour  than  in  sold  dllings,  if  they  use  regulating:  appliances 
that  are  READY  TO  APPLY  WITHOUT  THE  SOLDERIIVG  NUISANCE. 
See  page  25. 


4 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


Fig.  11  is  an  enlarged  drawing  of  the  double  socket  clutch 
tube  of  the  molar  bands.  A  is  the  band  to  which  the  partial 
tube  B  is  attached.  Each  end  of  the  tube  is  recessed,  shown  at 
C  to  receive  the  cylindrical  ends  of  the  clutch  nuts  No.  22.  The 

Fig.  11. 


operation  of  placing  a  threaded  bar  in  position  in  a  clutch  tube 
by  passing  it  through  the  side  of  the  tube  is  illustrated  in  Fig. 
12.  A  represents  the  band,  B  the  clutch  tube,  GG  indicate  the 

Fig.  12. 


threaded  bar,  and  FF  the  clutch  nuts  No.  22.  The  clutch  nuts 
should  be  placed  on  the  bar  with  their  cylindrical  portions 
approaching  each  other,  and  they  should  be  a  little  farther 
apart  than  the  length  of  -the  clutch  tube.  Then  the  bar  with 
nuts  in  position,  as  shown  at  H,  may  be  passed  through  the 
opening  of  the  clutch  tube  B.  The  bar  is  held  in  position  in 
the  clutch  tube  as  soon  as  the  cylindrical  end  of  one  or  both 
nuts  has  been  turned  into  the  recessed  end  of  the  tube  just  a 

All  busy  operators  can  liautllc  tlieir  o^vn  regulating-  cases  and  real¬ 
ize  more  per  hour  than  in  gold  tillings,  if  they  use  regulating  appliances 
that  are  READY  TO  APPLY  WITHOUT  THE  SOLDERING  NUISANCE. 
See  page  24. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


•« 

short  distance.  By  turning  the  nuts  FF  tightly  into  the 
tube,  as  shown  in  Fig.  13,  the  bar  is  clamped  firmly  into  the 
tube.  It  cannot  move  forward,  backward,  or  laterally,  and  the 
nuts  are  also  locked  against  the  tube  so  they  cannot  become 
loosened. 

Fig.  13. 


It  will  thus  be  seen  that  the  clutch  tube  receives  and  holds 
firmly  the  arch  bar  in  connection  with  the  anchor  tooth  through 
the  medium  of  the  screwclamped  molar  band.  The  arch  bar 
is  also  allowed  to  be  easily  and  quickly  placed  in  position  or 
removed  without  taking  the  bands  from  the  teeth  or  the  clutch 
nuts  from  the  bar. 

This  last  advantage  will  be  duly  appreciated  by  every 
dentist  who  has  attempted  to  place  a  nut  on  a  bar  or  wire 
after  passing  it  through  a  tube  or  pipe  fixed  on  a  tooth  band 
in  the  mouth.  He  will  well  remember  his  efforts  to  put  nuts 
on  traction  bars  or  wire  arches  protruding  from  the  distal  ends 
of  the  tubes  on  molar  bands. 

One  of  the  advantages  of  these  screw  bands  over  all  other 
forms  of  screw  bands  is  the  special  form  of  nut  and  collar  used 
in  connection  with  the  threaded  screw.  The  collar  is  slotted 
in  the  same  manner  as  the  clutch  tube.  This  permits  the 
threaded  bar  to  pass  laterally  through  the  side  of  the  collar. 
The  screw  band  nut  is  recessed  to  receive  the  projection  on 
the  collar,  so  that  when  the  projection  on  the  collar  enters  the 
recessed  portion  of  the  nut,  the  nut,  collar,  and  threaded  screw 


You  can  make  teeth  regulation  holli  pleasurable  anti  protitable  if 
you  use  modern  methods.  See  pages  24  and  26. 


6 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


are  held  firmly  in  their  relative  positions.  By  removing  the 
collar  from  the  nut  the  threaded  bar  may  be  passed  laterally 
through  the  collar  and  the  band  straightened  out.  Figs.  14,  15, 
16,  illustrate  these  points. 

Fig.  14.  Fig.  15. 


In  Fig.  14  the  band  is  shown  with  the  nut,  collar  and 
screw  in  position  ready  for  the  band  to  be  clamped  to  a  tooth. 
In  Fig.  15  the  collar  is  slipped  backward  on  the  bar  so  that  the 
projection  is  out  of  the  recessed  opening  of  the  nut.  Fig.  16 
shows  the  band  with  the  collar  free  from  the  screw. 

Fig.  16. 


“Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  30. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


7 


Two  nuts  must  always  be  used  in  operating  a  threaded  bar* 
in  a  clutch  tube.  This  allows  the  bar  to  be  operated  equally 
well  in  either  direction  and  to  be  firmly  locked  in  the  tube  dur¬ 
ing  the  intervals  between  tightening.  This  is  a  most  import¬ 
ant  consideration  in  the  successful  movement  of  teeth. 

Fig.  17 


In  Fig.  17,  C  represents  the  clutch  tube  of  a  molar  band, 
A  and  B  the  clutch  nuts  No.  22,  and  DD  a  portion  of  a  thread¬ 
ed  bar.  When  the  nut  A  is  loosened  and  the  nut  B  tightened 
the  threaded  bar  DD  will  be  moved  in  the  direction  indicated 
by  the  arrow  at  H.  When  the  nut  B  is  loosened  and  the  nut 
A  tightened  the  threaded  bar  will  travel  in  the  direction  indi¬ 
cated  by  the  arrow  at  E.  By  tightening  both  the  nuts  A  and 
B  firmly  against  the  clutch  tube  the  bar  DD  is  locked  in  the 
tube  and  cannot  move  in  either  direction. 

The  distance  a  tooth  is  moved  each  time  the  appliance  is 
tightened  can  be  easily  regulated  by  the  number  of  revolutions, 
or  fractions  of  a  revolution,  the  nuts  are  turned.  One  full  revo¬ 
lution  of  the  nut  moves  the  appliance  one  one-hundredth  of  an 
inch. 

When  any  of  the  bars  are  to  be  cut  shorter,  after  the  prop¬ 
er  length  has  been  ascertained,  they  should  be  cut  with  wire 
cutters  and  the  bur  removed  with  a  file.  After  the  bar  has  been 
cut  it  will  be  flattened  and  widened  as  shown  at  A,  Fig.18.  This 

You  can  have  appliauces  fitted  to  niodeLs  so  that  they  will  he  ready 
to  take  off  from  the  model  and  place  in  the  mouth.  No  soldering  re¬ 
quired.  See  page  24. 


8 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


would  prevent  a  nut  being  placed  on  or  taken  off  this  end  of 
the  bar.  'The  file  D  must  be  held  at  right  angles  to  the  bar 
E,  and  the  end  filed  to  the  point  B.  The  end  of  the  bar  should 
then  be  revolved  against  the  file,  holding  it  at  an  angle  of  45 
degrees,  to  finish  the  margin  as  shown  at  the  opposite  end  of 
the  bar  E. 

Fig.  18. 


Fig.  19. 


“Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  36. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


9 


When  the  threaded  bars  are  to  be  bent,  they  should  never 
be  bent  around  a  square  corner,  nor  should  they  be  held  with 
steel  pliers,  as  the  thread  will  be  injured.  They  may  be  bent 
with  the  fingers  or  as  shown  in  Fig.  19.  The  bar  B  should  be 
laid  on  a  flat  surface,  preferably  wood,  another  piece  of  wood 
C,  should  be  cut  to  the  desired  shape,  pressed  firmly  down  on 
the  bar  and  the  end  D  of  the  bar  raised  until  in  contact  with 
the  rounded  surface  of  the  block  C.  Short  curves  may  be  made 
by  bending  the  bar  around  a  lead  pencil. 

A  typical  arch  bar  appliance  is  shown  in  Fig.  20.  In  this 
case  the  lateral  incisor  teeth  are  to  be  moved  forward  into 
line.  It  will  be  noticed  that  the  arch  bar  is  placed  on  the 
lingual  side  of  the  arch,  as  this  is  far  better  than  placing  it  on 
the  outside  as  is  done  in  so  many  cases,  for  the  reason  that  it 
affords  much  less  inconvenience  to  the  patient  who  is  wearing 
it,  besides  being  inconspicuous.  It  is  also  easier  to  operate  and 
is  far  less  complicated. 

When  two  or  more  incisor  teeth  are  to  be  moved  forward, 
if  the  arch  bar  is  placed  on  the  lingual  side  of  the  arch  it  will 
only  be  necessary  to  band  two  teeth  to  keep  the  bar  in  position, 
therefore  all  that  would  show  would  be  the  bands  on  the  two 
teeth.  The  arch  bar  appliance  proper  being  entirely  concealed 
by  the  teeth  themselves,  while  if  the  arch  bar  is  placed  on  the 
labial  side  of  the  arch  it  is  necessary  to  band  each  tooth  that  is 
to  be  moved  and  then  make  connections  from  the  arch  bar  to 
each  tooth  that  has  been  banded.  This  makes  a  very  uncleanly 
and  unsightly  arrangement  besides  being  unnecessarily  com¬ 
plicated,  and  such  practice  is  decidedly  wrong,  for  in  ninety- 
five  per  cent  of  the  cases  the  arch  bar  can  be  placed  on  the 
lingual  side  of  the  arch.  There  are  a  few  cases  where  it  is 
necessary  to  place  it  on  the  labial  side,  but  these  cases  are  not 
those  where  the  incisors  are  to  be  moved  forward. 


You  cau  make  teeth  regulation  both  pleasurable  and  profitable  if 
you  use  modern  methods.  See  pages  24  and  26. 


10 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


To  return  to  the  appliance  shown  in  Fig.  20,  it  will  be 
noticed  that  the  laterals  are  banded  with  button  bands  the 
same  as  shown  in  Fig.  8.  If  so  desired  these  teeth  can,  of 
course,  be  banded  with  studded  button  bands  as  shown  in  Fig. 
6,  the  stud  projecting  labially,  then  the  studs  will  afford  at¬ 
tachments  for  retainers  after  the  movement  of  the  laterals 
had  been  completed,  making  it  unnecessary  to  remove  the 
bands  to  place  retaining  appliances  in  position. 

The  bands  in  either  case  should  be  placed  so  that  the  arch 
bar  will  pass  around  on  the  lingual  side  of  the  arch  between  the 
buttons  of  the  bands  and  the  gum.  These  buttons  will  then 
hold  the  arch  bar  in  position  so  that  it  will  not  slip  toward  the 
incisal  edges  of  the  teeth  when  pressure  is  exerted. 

The  arch  bar  No.  35  is  then  bent  to  conform  to  the  shape 
of  the  arch  and  passes  through  the  clutch  tubes  of  the  molar 
bands  H  and  G.  These  molar  bands  are  clamped  to  the  molar 
teeth  by  the  nuts  I  and  J.  The  arch  bar  should  be  bent  so  as  to 
rest  easily  in  the  clutch  tubes,  that  is,  have  no  lateral  spring 
action  if  no  lateral  expansion  of  the  arch  is  required.  It  will 

therefore  be  seen  that  in  cases  where  it  is  desirable  to  in¬ 
crease  the  arch  laterally  as  well  as  anteriorally,  this  can  be 

accomplished  by  bending  the  arch  bar  so  it  is  wider  than  the 
arch  and  must  be  sprung  into  position.  When  this  is  done  the 
arch  will  be  expanded  at  the  same  time  the  incisors  are  being 
moved  forward. 

It  will  be  noticed  there  are  bar  end  caps  No.  34  on  the 
distally  projecting  ends  of  the  arch  bar  No.  35.  These  bar  end 
caps  are  to  protect  the  soft  tissues  of  the  mouth  from  any  ir¬ 
ritation  that  might  be  caused  by  the  projecting  ends  of  the  arch 
bar.  This,  of  course,  is  not  always  necessary,  but  in  cases 
where  the  anterior  teeth  must  be  moved  forward  a  consider¬ 
able  distance,  the  arch  bar  must,  of  course,  project  distally  a 


“Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  36. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


11 


corresponding  amount  and  by  using  the  bar  end  caps  these 
projecting  ends  can  be  much  longer  without  irritating  the  soft 
palate  than  would  be  the  case  if  no  end  caps  were  used. 

After  an  appliance  of  this  form  has  been  placed  in  the 
mouth  it  is  always  necessary  that  the  arch  bar  should  move 
forward  through  the  clutch  tubes  of  the  molar  bands  to  ac¬ 
complish  the  anterior  movement  of  the  laterals  and  to  tighten 

Fig.  20. 


the  appliance  the  nuts  C  and  D  should  be  loosened,  that  is, 
turned  backward  on  the  arch  bar  a  revolution  or  fraction  there¬ 
of,  according  to  the  amount  of  forward  movement  desired 
each  time  the  appliance  is  tightened,  therefore,  after  these 
nuts,  C  and  D,  have  been  turned  one  full  revolution  (four 
quarter  turns),  this  will  permit  the  arch  bar  to  move  forward 
one  one-hundredth  of  an  inch  and  the  movement  is  accom¬ 
plished  by  turning  the  nuts  A  and  B,  one  revolution  in  the 
same  direction  that  C  and  D  were  turned.  This  moves  the 

You  can  have  appliances  fitted  to  models  so  that  they  will  he  ready 
to  take  offi  from  the  model  and  place  in  the  mouth.  No  soldering;  re¬ 
quired.  See  pag;e  24. 


12 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


arch  bar  forward  and  draws  the  nuts  C  and  D  into  the  clutch 
tubes. 

A  and  B  should,  of  course,  be  turned  tightly  into  the  tubes 
so  as  to  again  lock  the  appliance.  By  repeating  this  every  two 
or  three  days  the  arch  bar  is  moved  forward  a  certain  amount 
each  time  and  holds  the  amount  of  movement  absolutely  until 
the  operator  again  tightens  the  appliance. 

If  it  is  desired  to  move  the  teeth  forward  one  two-hun¬ 
dredth  of  an  inch  the  nuts  C  and  D  should  be  turned  back¬ 
ward  one-half  revolution  (two  quarter  turns),  and  the  nuts  A 
and  B  in  the  same  direction  a  corresponding  amount.  It  will 
thus  be  seen  that  if  the  nuts  are  turned  one-quarter  of  a  revo¬ 
lution  the  appliance  is  moved  one  four-hundredth  of  an  inch 
and  two  revolutions  move  it  one-fiftieth  of  an  inch.  These 
points  must  be  remembered  and  the  appliance  operated  accord¬ 
ingly  if  the  teeth  are  to  be  moved  successfully  and  painlessly. 
The  amount  of  movement  permissible  is  determined  by  the 
age  of  the  patient,  the  direction  of  the  tooth  movement,  and 
the  stage  of  the  operation. 

Fig.  21  shows  some  practical  applications  of  the  button 
bands  and  ligature  bands  when  used  in  connection  with  an 
arch  bar  appliance.  In  this  case  the  incisor  teeth  are  to  be 
moved  forward  so  as  to  make  room  for  the  left  cuspid  which 
is  then  to  be  drawn  into  the  arch.  The  left  central  and  right 
first  bicuspid  are  to  be  rotated. 

The  band  E  is  cemented  to  the  right  lateral  and  the  band  G 
to  the  left  central.  These  bands  serve  to  hold  the  anterior 
portion  of  the  arch  bar  No.  35  in  position,  as  the  arch  bar  pass¬ 
es  between  the  buttons  of  the  bands  and  the  gum.  The  band 
E  is  a  button  band,  the  buttons  serving  to  hold  the  arch  bar  in 
position.  The  band  G  is  a  ligature  band,  as  it  is  necessary  to 
have  the  extra  button  for  the  attachment  of  the  rubber  liga- 


‘<Orthodoiitia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  tbe  progrressive  operator.  See  paj^e  26. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


13 


ture.  The  button  band  H  is  used  on  the  cuspid  as  it  is  only 
necessary  to  prevent  the  rubber  ligature  from  slipping  off  the 
tooth  and  the  buttons  serve  this  purpose.  The  bicuspid  band 
D  is  also  a  ligature  band,  the  central  button  affords  attachment 
for  a  ligature  to  draw  the  lingual  side  of  the  tooth  distally. 

The  bands  A  and  B  are  double  socket  clutch  tube  bands 
No.  50.  These  serve  to  connect  the  arch  bar  to  the  molar 
teeth,  the  arch  bar  passes  thru  the  clutch  tubes  of  bands  A  and 


Fig.  21. 


B  and  then  around  the  anterior  portion  of  the  arch  between  the 
buttons  of  the  bands  E  and  G  and  the  gum.  The  arch  bar  is 
operated  to  move  the  incisors  forward  in  the  same  manner  as 
described  under  Fig.  20. 

As  the  arch  bar  moves  the  incisors  forward  the  rubber  lig¬ 
ature  which  is  looped  over  it  and  is  connected  to  the  cuspid, 
serves  to  draw  the  cuspid  into  line  as  fast  as  space  is  made  for 
it. 


You  can  make  teeth  reg^ulation  both  pleasurable  and  profitable  if 
you  use  modern  methods.  See  pages  24  and  26. 


14 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


The  rotation  of  the  tooth  G  is  accomplished  by  the  rubber 
ligature  J.  This  rubber  is  also  looped  over  the  arch  bar  and 
passes  between  the  central  incisor  teeth.  The  action  of  the 
rubber  passing  as  it  does,  will  separate  the  incisors,  at  the 
same  time  it  draws  the  mesial  edge  of  the  central  lingually. 
The  arch  bar  pressing  against  the  disto-lingual  angle  of  the 
central  prevents  this  portion  of  the  tooth  from  being  moved, 
as  the  mesial  portion  is  drawn  lingually  and  rotation  of  the 
tooth  is  accomplished. 

A  rubber  ligature,  K,  is  passed  over  the  distal  end  of  the 
clutch  tube,  C,  and  then  drawn  forward  and  connected  to  the 
bottom  of  the  band  D.  This  rotates  the  bicuspid  by  drawing 
the  lingual  side  of  the  tooth  back  while  the  buccal  side  will  be 
held  in  position  as  it  rests  against  the  second  bicuspid.  It  will 
be  seen  that  almost  an  unlimited  number  of  combinations  may 
be  made  up  by  using  the  buttons  and  ligature  bands  in  con¬ 
nection  with  an  arch  bar  appliance. 

Fig.  22  shows  the  simple  arch  bar  appliance  used  to  move 
the  central  incisor  teeth  forward.  These  teeth  are  banded  with 
No.  5  studded  bands,  the  bands  having  been  cemented  to  the 
teeth  and  the  cement  allowed  to  harden  before  the  arch  bar  is 
placed  in  position.  No.  50  bands  are  clamped  to  the  first 
molars.  Two  clutch  nuts  are  used  on  each  side  to  operate 
against  the  clutch  tubes  of  the  molar  bands.  In  all  cases  where 
the  arch  bar  is  to  move  forward,  the  nuts  at  the  distal  ends  of 
the  clutch  tubes  of  the  molar  bands  are  loosened  and  those  at 
the  anterior  ends  tightened.  This  moves  the  arch  bar  forward. 
It  is  absolutely  necessary  that  these  nuts  be  firmly  locked  in 
the  clutch  tubes  to  prevent  their  revolving,  which  would  result 
in  the  loss  of  movement  once  gained.  The  two  nuts  are  used 
on  each  side  in  order  that  this  may  be  done.  When,  through 


‘‘Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  26. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


15 


carelessness,  these  nuts  are  not  locked,  the  operator  must  not 
blame  the  patient  or  appliance  for  lack  of  success  in  the  opera¬ 
tion. 


Fig.  22. 


Fig.  23  shows  the  retaining  appliance  in  position.  This 
appliance  is  attached  to  the  studs  of  the  central  bands  by  two 
retaining  clamp  nuts.  No.  38.  It  will  therefore  be  seen  that  by 
placing  the  studded  bands  on  the  centrals  the  retaining  ap¬ 
pliance  can  be  placed  in  position  without  changing  the  bands. 

Do  you  consider  teeth  regulation  profitable?  if  not  please  read 

See  pages  24  and  20. 


16 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


by  simply  attaching  to  the  threaded  studs.  When  the  retainer 
is  in  position  the  arch  bar  and  molar  bands  can,  of  course,  be 
removed.  A  detail  drawing  of  the  retaining  appliance  and 

Fig.  24. 


bands  is  shown  in  Fig.  24.  Fig.  25  shows  positions  of  the 
teeth  before  the  operation,  and  Fig.  26  shows  their  positions 
after  the  retainer  has  been  removed. 

Fig.  25.  Fig.  26. 


Fig.  27  shows  an  arch  bar  appliance  on  the  lingual  side  of 
a  lower  arch,  the  office  of  which  is  to  move  the  lower  incisor 
teeth  forward  into  line.  It  will  be  found  that  in  moving  for¬ 
ward,  the  teeth  will  conform  to  the  shape  of  the  bar,  so  by 
simply  bending  the  bar  to  the  desired  form  of  arch,  the  teeth 
will  be  in  line  when  the  operation  is  completed.  The  bands  on 


“Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  hook  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  26. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


17 


the  laterals  are  No.  2  studded  bands,  and  their  office  is  to  pre¬ 
vent  the  arch  bar  slipping  up  on  the  teeth. 

In  this  case  the  anchorage  is  gained  from  the  second  bi¬ 
cuspids.  These  teeth  being  banded  with  No.  47  single  socket 

Fig.  27. 


screw  bands.  The  detail  of  this  appliance  is  shown  in  Fig.  28. 
The  bands  No.  47  are  placed  on  the  teeth  with  their  clutch 

Fig.  28. 


All  busy  operators  can  handle  their  own  regulating^  cases  and  real¬ 
ize  more  per  hour  than  in  ^old  fillingrs^  if  they  use  regulating  appliances 
that  are  READY  TO  APPLY  WITHOUT  THE  SOLDERING  NUISANCE. 
See  page  24. 


18 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


tubes  on  the  lingual  side  of  the  arch.  A  lock  nut,  No.  23,  and 
clutch  riut,  No.  22,  are  used  on  each  side  of  the  arch  to  engage 
the  clutch  tubes  of  each  bicuspid  band.  The  clutch  nuts  enter 
the  recessed  openings  of  the  clutch  tubes  on  the  bicuspid  bands 
and  the  lock  nuts  clamp  the  tubes  firmly  against  the  clutch 
nuts. 

To  operate  the  appliance  the  posterior  nuts  are  loosened 
the  proper  amount  and  the  anterior  nuts  tightened  against  the 
clutch  tubes.  This  moves  the  appliance  forward  and  locks  it. 
The  result  is  the  same  as  that  obtained  by  the  appliance  shown 
in  Fig.  22,  but  this  illustration  serves  to  show  how  anchorage 
may  be  gained  when  the  molars  are  not  in  condition  to  be  used. 

In  cases  where  the  arch  bar  is  used  on  the  lingual  side  of 
the  lower  arch  it  is  advisable  to  anchor  the  second  bicuspids 
whenever  practical,  for  by  so  doing  the  arch  bar  does  not  ex¬ 
tend  as  far  back  on  each  side  of  the  mouth  as  when  anchored 
to  the  molars  and  therefore  ofifers  less  interference  with  the 
action  of  the  tongue. 

In  Fig.  29  an  arch  bar  is  anchored  to  the  first  bicuspid  on 
the  right  side  and  the  first  molar  on  the  left.  The  object  of  this 
is  to  swing  the  left  incisors  forward.  In  the  case  illustrated 
the  left  lateral  had  been  extracted,  since  it  stood  directly  back 
of  the  cuspid  and  the  arch  was  already  of  sufficient  size  to  cor¬ 
respond  with  the  upper.  The  left  central  was  banded  with  a 
single  socket  button  band.  No.  11,  and  an  arch  bar  bent  and 
placed  in  position  as  shown.  When  the  appliance  is  operated 
the  bar  will  press  first  against  the  left  central,  then  come  in 
contact  with  the  right  central,  and  lastly  with  the  lateral. 
Two  clutch  nuts.  No.  22,  are  used  to  engage  the  clutch  tube  of 
the  left  molar  band,  and  one  No.  22  enters  the  anterior  recessed 
opening  of  the  single  socket  screw  bands  No.  47,  which  is  on 

“Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  26. 

If  your  “Orthodontia”  cases  have  not  turned  out  successfully 

See  page  24. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


19 

the  right  first  bicuspid.  A  lock  nut  is  also  placed  on  the  arch 
bar  to  operate  against  the  distal  end  of  the  clutch  tube  of  the 
left  central  band  to  prevent  the  central  slipping  back  on  the 
bar,  if  such  a  tendency  should  be  observed. 

Fig.  29. 


Fig.  30. 


You  can  have  appliances  fltted  to  models  so  that  they  will  be  ready 
to  take  oir  from  the  model  and  place  in  the  mouth.  No  soldering-  re¬ 
quired.  See  page  24. 


20 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


Most  of  the  movement  is  obtained  by  operating  the  clutch 
nuts  which  engage  the  clutch  tube  of  the  molar  band,  the 
clutch  nut  which  engages  the  right  first  bicuspid  band  serving 
only  to  hold  this  end  of  the  arch  bar  in  position.  It  is  not 
necessary  to  use  a  lock  nut  at  the  right  first  bicuspid  band  in 
this  case,  but  the  nuts  at  the  clutch  tube  of  the  molar  band 
should  always  be  locked.  If  it  be  necessary  to  move  the  teeth 
to  the  right  as  well  as  forward,  by  operating  the  lock  nut  at 
the  distal  end  of  the  clutch  tube  of  the  central  band  this  result 
will  be  obtained.  Fig.  30  gives  the  number  and  position  of 
each  part. 

Fig.  31. 


In  the  case  shown  in  Fig.  31  the  left  central  stands  for¬ 
ward  and  is  at  least  half  the  width  of  the  tooth  to  the  left  of 
center  line  of  the  arch.  It  is  therefore  necessary  to  move  it  to 
the  right  and  into  the  arch.  An  arch  bar  is  employed  to  ac¬ 
complish  this.  The  first  molars  are  banded,  since  they  are 
sufficiently  erupted.  When  bands  can  not  easily  be  placed  on 
the  first  molars,  the  temporary  second  molars  are  used,  either 
the  No.  49  double  socket,  or  No.  48  single  socket  screw  band 

‘‘Orthodontia  Practically  Treated,”  a  practical  hook  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  30. 

You  can  make  teeth  regulation  both  pleasurable  and  protitahle  if 
you  use  modern  methods.  See  pages  24  and  26. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


21 


may  be  used.  Fig.  32  gives  the  detail  of  the  appliance  illus¬ 
trated  in  Fig.  31. 

A  single  socket  button  band,  No.  12  or  No.  13,  according 
to  size  of  central,  is  cemented  to  the  left  central  and  the  cement 
allowed  to  harden.  A  clutch  nut.  No.  22,  and  a  lock.  No.  23, 
are  employed  on  the  arch  bar  to  engage  the  clutch  tube  of  this 
band.  At  the  beginning  of  the  operation  the  nuts  engaging  the 

Fig.  32. 


clutch  tubes  of  the  molar  bands  remain  locked ;  the  lock  nut 
at  the  central  band  is  loosened  about  three-fourths  of  a  revo¬ 
lution  permitting  the  central  to  be  moved  one  one-hundred- 
and-fiftieth  of  an  inch  directly  to  the  right  when  the  nut  No.  22 
is  tightened  firmly  against  the  clutch  tube.  This  method  of 
tightening  is  repeated  every  second  day  until  the  central  is 

If  your  “Ortliodon^ia”  cases  have  not  turned  out  successfully 
See  page  24. 


22 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


directly  opposite  the  position  it  should  take  in  the  arch,  when 
the  nuts'  engaging  its  clutch  tube  are  permitted  to  remain 
locked  and  the  nuts  at  the  clutch  tubes  of  the  molar  bands 
operated  to  draw  the  arch  bar  directly  backward,  thus  placing 
the  tooth  in  the  arch.  The  tooth  is  thus  moved  first  to  the 
right  and  then  posteriorly.  The  first  movement  frees  it  from 
the  lateral  which  it  overlaps.  If  the  nuts  at  the  clutch  tube  of 
the  band  on  the  central  and  those  at  the  tubes  of  the  bands  on 
the  molars  are  operated  at  the  same  time,  the  tooth  will  be 
moved  obliquely  to  the  right  and  distally.  With  this  form  of 
appliance  any  anterior  tooth  in  the  arch  can  be  moved  in  prac¬ 
tically  any  direction. 

Fig.  33. 


When  the  incisor  teeth  are  separated,  as  shown  in  Fig.  33, 
they  may  be  drawn  together  with  the  appliance  illustrated  in 
Figs.  34  and  35.  This  form  of  appliance  will  be  found  the  best 
to  use  in  all  such  cases. 

Single  socket  bands  are  cemented  to  the  central  incisors 
with  their  clutch  tubes  on  the  labial  surface  of  the  teeth  and 
the  recessed  openings  of  the  clutch  tubes  projecting  distally. 
When  cementing  the  bands  to  the  centrals,  care  should  be  ex- 


“Ortliodoutia  Practically  Treated,’’  a  practical  book  of  instruction 
for  the  progressive  operator.  See  page  26. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


23 


ercised  to  have  the  clutch  tubes  in  perfect  line,  so  that  a  piece 
of  threaded  arch  bar  No.  35  will  pass  through  the  openings  of 
the  clutch  tubes  without  necessitating  bending.  Two  lock  nuts, 
No.  23,  should  be  placed  on  this  piece  of  threaded  bar,  Avhich 

Fig.  34. 


should  be  of  sufficient  length  to  pass  through  the  clutch  tubes 
and  project  one-sixteenth  of  an  inch  at  each  end.  A  clutch  nut. 
No.  22,  should  be  placed  on  each  end  of  the  bar  and  the  bar 

Fig.  35. 


then  passed  through  the  slotted  sides  of  the  clutch  tubes.  1  he 
rounded  portion  of  the  clutch  nuts,  No.  22,  should  be  turned 
into  the  recessed  openings  of  the  tubes  and  the  nuts,  No.  23, 
then  turned  against  the  opposite  ends. 

To  operate  the  appliance  the  nuts.  No.  23,  are  loosened  and 
the  nuts.  No.  22,  tightened.  This  draws  the  teeth  together. 

Do  you  consider  teeth  regvilation  profitable?  if  not  please  read 

pag'es  24  and  26. 


24 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


A  PROPOSITION. 

Dear  Doctor : — 

Numerous  requests  for  me  to  fit  appliances  to  casts  so 
that  operators  might  more  quickly  become  familiar  with  my 
system  of  teeth-regulation,  led  me  several  years  ago  to  make 
an  offer  to  fit  the  appliances  to  casts  and  write  personal  letters 
of  instruction  regarding  the  operation  of  the  appliances  and 
treatment  of  the  cases.  This  offer  has  been  widely  accepted 
and  a  great  many  operators  are  now  doing  successful  regulat¬ 
ing  who  had  previously  done  none  at  all.  The  proposition  has 
been  renewed  several  times  up  to  three  years  ago,  but  as  it  has 
not  been  renewed  since  then  I  am  now  receiving  a  great  many 
letters  from  the  profession  inquiring  whether  I  am  still  fitting 
appliances  under  the  same  conditions.  Consequently  I  wish 
to  again  renew  the  offer  as  follows : 

On  receipt  of  casts,  sent  according  to  directions,  and  one 
dollar  ($1.00),  which  must  always  be  sent  with  each  cast  to  be 
fitted,  I  will  fit  to  the  cast  the  appliance  which  in  my  judgment 
is  best  for  the  case,  and  write  a  letter  of  instruction  regarding 
the  operation  of  the  appliance,  which  teeth  to  extract,  if  any, 
and  any  other  points  regarding  the  treatment  of  the  case  that 
may  be  necessary. 

The  cast,  with  appliance  fitted,  will  be  sent,  charges  pre¬ 
paid,  by  Express,  C.  O.  D.,  for  the  catalog  price  of  the  parts 
used  in  making  up  the  appliance.  The  dollar  sent  with  the  cast 
is  extra  for  fitting. 

No  charge  will  be  made  for  information  regarding  any  case 
when  the  cast  is  not  fitted  with  an  appliance.  If  any  person 
should  not  wish  the  appliance  sent  C.  O.  D.,  and  will  send  cast 
and  fill  out  blank,  I  will  write  him  the  price  of  the  appliance 
necessary,  and  on  receipt  of  the  amount  will  send  the  appliance 
by  Mail  post  paid. 

Before  sending  casts  please  read  instructions  on  the  fol¬ 
lowing  page  and  be  sure  and  send  models  according  to  direc¬ 
tions.  Be  sure  and  write  your  name  and  address  on  the  pack¬ 
age.  This  is  important,  as  I  often  receive  five  or  six  casts  in 
one  day  with  no  mark  whatever  to  tell  whom  they  are  from 
and  this  always  causes  much  trouble  and  delay. 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


25 


INSTRUCTIONS  FOR  SENDING  CASTS. 


Lrom  modeling  compound  impressions  make  plaster  casts, 
articulate  them  as  shown  in  the  above  cut  and  mark  the  oc¬ 
clusion  on  both  sides,  as  at  A.  Carefully  note  the  center-line 
of  the  FACE  and  mark  it  on  the  cast,  as  at  B.  The  casts 
should  be  carefully  packed  so  that  the  teeth  will  NOT  BE  IN 
CONTACT.  (DO  NOT  SEND  WAX  BITES).  Mark  cast 
or  package  with  NAME  of  shipper  and  send  by  mail. 

Please  do  not  varnish  casts. 

Please  state  by  letter  what  you  desire  to  do  with  the  case 
and  answer  the  following  questions  : 

What  is  the  age  of  patient?  Is  the  upper  lip  of  normal 
prominence? — too  prominent? — deficient  in  prominence? — too 
short  to  cover  the  teeth  properly?  Is  the  lower  lip  of  normal 
prominence? — too  prominent? — receding?  Is  the  chin  and 
lower  jaw  lacking  in  development? — normally  developed? — or 
too  prominent?  Does  the  center  line  of  the  Face  coincide  with 
the  interdental  space  between  the  upper  central  incisors? — if 
not  is  it  to  the  right? — or  left? — (also  mark  center  line  on 
cast.)  Do  you  desire  to  regulate  both  upper  and  lower  arches? 


26 


KNAPP  SYSTEM. 


No  Dental  Library  Is  Complete 

Without 

“Orthodontia  Practically  Treated” 

....BY.,.. 

MILAND  A.  KNAPP,  D.  D.  S. 


This  entire  volume  of  over  four  hundred  pages  is  ^iven  to 
the  practical  side  of  orthodontia  and  is  primarily  intended 
for  the  busy  practitioner. 

The  text  matter  and  illustrations  are  arranged  so  as  to  be 
of  the  greatest  practical  assistance  to  the  operator  who  has 
had  no  experience  in  diagnosing  and  correcting  the  several 
forms  of  dental  irregularities. 

This  volume  contains  five  hundred  and  sixty-four  origi¬ 
nal  illustrations,  every  one  made  especially  for  this  work,  and 
is  printed  on  heavy,  pure  white  enamel  paper,  handsomely 
bound  in  cloth.  Price,  Met,  $5.00. 

This  work  will  be  sent  by  express,  charges  prei)aid,  to  any  address  in  the  United 
States  or  Canada  on  receipt  of  price. 

Make  all  remittances  payable  to  Miland  A.  Knapp.  Minneapolis,  Minn.,  U.  S.  A. 

This  book  can  also  be  purchased  at  any  of  the  branch  houses  of  The  S.  S.  White 
Dental  Mfg.  Co, 


CONDENSED  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS: 

CHAPTER  I. 

(Containing'  41  Illusttrations.) 

DIAGNOSIS  .  1 

The  Diagnosis  of  Dental  Irregularities — Rules  for  Determining  the 
Proper  Manner  of  Proceeding  with  the  Correction  of  the  Condition — • 

CHAPTER  H. 

(Containing  6  Illu.strations. ) 

EXTRACTION  . . . ; . . .  34 

Results  of  the  Injudicious  Extraction  of  Teeth,  Both  Temporary  and 
Permanent — Which  Temporary  Teeth  Can  be  Extracted  Without  Dam¬ 
age — The  Temporary  Teeth  That  Must  not  be  Extracted  Until  Their 
Permanent  Successors  Appear — Results  from  Extracting  Such  Teeth 

CHAPTER  III. 

(Containing  G  Illustrations.) 

SUPERNUMERARY  TEETH  . . . .  41 

Their  Shapes — Position — Damage  Resulting — Extraction  of  Super¬ 
numerary  Teeth 

CHAPTER  IV. 

(Containing  5  Illustrations.) 

AGE  AT  WHICH  CORRECTION  CAN  BEST  BE  ACCOMPLISHED....  46 


TEETH  REGULATION. 


27 


CHAPTER  V. 

(Containing  5  Illustrations.) 


TOOTH  MOVEMENT  .  51 

CHAPTER  VI. 

(Containing  87  Illustrations.) 

AUTHOR’S  APPLIANCES  .  57 


In  this  chapter  each  individual  part  of  the  author’s  appliances  is 
minutely  described  and  illustrated.  Sectional  drawings  are  given 
showing  exactly  how  each  part  is  made. 

CHAPTER  VII. 

(Containing  18  Illustrations.) 

THE  JACK-SCREW  . 102 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

(Containing  11  Illustrations.) 

JACK-SCREW  ANCHORAGE  . 


113 


CHAPTER  IX. 

(Containing  2  Illustrations.) 

THE  DOUBLE  JACK-SCREW  . 121 

CHAPTER  X. 

(Containing  2  Iliustrations.) 

THE  TRIPLE  JACK-SCREW  . 123 

CHAPTER  XI. 

(Containing  23  Illustrations.) 

STUD  BAR  APPLIANCES  . 125 

CHAPTER  XII. 

(Containing  22  Illustrations.) 

ARCH  BAR  APPLIANCES  . 141 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

(Containing  24  Illustrations.) 

ROTATION  . 159 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

(Containing  26  Illustrations.) 

ARCH  EXPANSION  . 181 

CHAPTER  XV. 

(Containing  8  Illustrations.) 

THE  SCREW  BAND  AS  A  REGULATING  DEVICE . 20U 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

(Containing  66  Illustrations.) 

MAJOR  PROTRUSION  . 207 

CHAPTER  XVII. 

(Containing  24  Illustrations.) 

RETAINING  DEVICES  . 264 


CHAPTER  XVIII. 

(Containing  188  Illustrations.) 

MISCELLANEOUS  CASES,  THEIR  CORRECTION  AND  RETENTION .  280 
One  hundred  and  twenty  pages  are  given  to  practical  miscellaneous 
cases.  These  cases  are  followed  from  the  beginning  to  the  comple¬ 
tion  of  the  operations  and  the  appliance  for  each  step  in  the  process 
is  carefully  illustrated  and  described. 

INDEX . 401 

A  Six-Page,  Double  Column  Index  Is  Also  Provided  to  Assist  the 
Operator  in  Finding  Illustration  and  Description  of  Appliances  for 
the  Accomplishment  of  Any  Required  Tooth  Movement. 


The  Protrusion  Set  B  contains  all  the  parts  necessary  for  the  treatment  of 
Major  Protrusion  except  the  Head  Cap  No.  6o.  It  is  always  necessary  to  use 
the  head  cap  in  connection  with  this  set.  Head  cap  protrusion  bow  and  chuck 
are  worn  at  night  only.  The  springs  No.  56  automatically  retain  during  the 

day  the  movement  gained  by  the  head  cap  at  night.  Price . $8.00 

Price  of  Head  Cap  No.  60  . $2.00 


PROTRUSION  SET  B,  IN  BOX. 


SELECTED  SET  A,  IN  BOX. 


Set  A  consists  of  a  complete  stiidbar  and  jack-screw  appliance,  with  three 
sizes  of  studded  bands.  These  three  sizes  afford  means  for  attaching  to  any 
of  the  six  anterior  teeth,  and  both  stud  bar  nut  No.  54  and  ball  cap  No.  24 
are  threaded  to  screw  onto  the  studs  of  the  bands.  Any  of  the  anterior  teeth 
may  be  moved  lingually,  labially,  or  rotated,  with  the  jack-screw;  while  with  the 
stud  bar  the  cuspids  or  bicuspids  may  be  moved  forward  or  backward  in 
the  line  of  the  arch.  Price  . $8.00 


These  appliances  are  inannfactured 
•under  the  immediate  supervision  of 
Dr.  Miland  A.  Knapp,  Minneapolis, 
Minnesota.  Made  of  a  specially  pre¬ 
pared  German  Silver,  accurately  inter¬ 
changeable,  and  heavily  Gold  Plated. 


